The 2010s marked a decisive rupture in European politics. In the aftermath of the global financial crisis in 2008, a wave of disillusionment swept across the continent, eroding public trust in traditional parties and institutions. Amid deepening economic insecurity, rising migration, and cultural anxieties, far-right movements surged—not just on the margins, but into the heart of political power. From France to Hungary, Italy to Sweden, far-right parties have entered parliaments, formed governments, and reshaped national debates, particularly around immigration, national identity, and sovereignty.